It could well be that the valve stem seals were replaced, but if cheaper lower grade (nitrile) seals were used then these can degrade quickly, harden up, crack and eventually break into pieces.
Most genuine manufacturer stem seals are made from Viton (or Polyacrylate) which is the best material for today's engines and will last much longer. While they cost more initially, it is a fraction of the cost of rebuilding the head but less likely to contribute to any failure soon after.
Edit: just seen after I posted that no head/valve work was done.